Integrand size = 22, antiderivative size = 198 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \]
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Time = 0.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 198, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.136, Rules used = {713, 1144, 214} \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {2 c d-e \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \]
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Rule 214
Rule 713
Rule 1144
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = (2 e) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{c d^2-b d e+a e^2+(-2 c d+b e) x^2+c x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {d+e x}\right ) \\ & = -\left (\left (-e-\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c} e+\frac {1}{2} (-2 c d+b e)+c x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {d+e x}\right )\right )+\left (e-\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c} e+\frac {1}{2} (-2 c d+b e)+c x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {d+e x}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 252, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.27 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {2} \left (\frac {\left (-2 i c d+\left (i b+\sqrt {-b^2+4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {-2 c d+b e-i \sqrt {-b^2+4 a c} e}}\right )}{\sqrt {-2 c d+\left (b-i \sqrt {-b^2+4 a c}\right ) e}}+\frac {\left (2 i c d+\left (-i b+\sqrt {-b^2+4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {d+e x}}{\sqrt {-2 c d+b e+i \sqrt {-b^2+4 a c} e}}\right )}{\sqrt {-2 c d+\left (b+i \sqrt {-b^2+4 a c}\right ) e}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {-b^2+4 a c}} \]
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Time = 0.55 (sec) , antiderivative size = 222, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.12
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {e \sqrt {2}\, \left (\frac {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {c \sqrt {e x +d}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}-\frac {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {c \sqrt {e x +d}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )}{\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}}\) | \(222\) |
derivativedivides | \(8 e c \left (\frac {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {c \sqrt {e x +d}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\, \sqrt {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}-\frac {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {c \sqrt {e x +d}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\, \sqrt {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )\) | \(251\) |
default | \(8 e c \left (\frac {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {c \sqrt {e x +d}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\, \sqrt {\left (b e -2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}-\frac {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {c \sqrt {e x +d}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\, \sqrt {\left (-b e +2 c d +\sqrt {-e^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) c}}\right )\) | \(251\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 715 vs. \(2 (158) = 316\).
Time = 0.52 (sec) , antiderivative size = 715, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.61 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=-\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e + {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e + {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} + 2 \, \sqrt {e x + d} e\right ) + \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e + {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e + {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} + 2 \, \sqrt {e x + d} e\right ) + \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e - {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e - {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} + 2 \, \sqrt {e x + d} e\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e - {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, c d - b e - {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {e^{2}}{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} + 2 \, \sqrt {e x + d} e\right ) \]
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\[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {d + e x}}{a + b x + c x^{2}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {e x + d}}{c x^{2} + b x + a} \,d x } \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 445 vs. \(2 (158) = 316\).
Time = 0.32 (sec) , antiderivative size = 445, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.25 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=\frac {{\left (\sqrt {-4 \, c^{2} d + 2 \, {\left (b c - \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} c\right )} e} {\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c\right )} e^{3} - {\left (4 \, c^{2} d^{2} e - 4 \, b c d e^{2} + b^{2} e^{3}\right )} \sqrt {-4 \, c^{2} d + 2 \, {\left (b c - \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} c\right )} e}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}} \sqrt {e x + d}}{\sqrt {-\frac {2 \, c d - b e + \sqrt {{\left (2 \, c d - b e\right )}^{2} - 4 \, {\left (c d^{2} - b d e + a e^{2}\right )} c}}{c}}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (\sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} c^{2} d^{2} - \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} b c d e + \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} a c e^{2}\right )} {\left | c \right |} {\left | e \right |}} - \frac {{\left (\sqrt {-4 \, c^{2} d + 2 \, {\left (b c + \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} c\right )} e} {\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c\right )} e^{3} - {\left (4 \, c^{2} d^{2} e - 4 \, b c d e^{2} + b^{2} e^{3}\right )} \sqrt {-4 \, c^{2} d + 2 \, {\left (b c + \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} c\right )} e}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}} \sqrt {e x + d}}{\sqrt {-\frac {2 \, c d - b e - \sqrt {{\left (2 \, c d - b e\right )}^{2} - 4 \, {\left (c d^{2} - b d e + a e^{2}\right )} c}}{c}}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (\sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} c^{2} d^{2} - \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} b c d e + \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} a c e^{2}\right )} {\left | c \right |} {\left | e \right |}} \]
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Time = 12.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 709, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.58 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x}}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx=-2\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {2\,\left (\sqrt {d+e\,x}\,\left (-8\,b^2\,c\,e^4+16\,b\,c^2\,d\,e^3-16\,c^3\,d^2\,e^2+16\,a\,c^2\,e^4\right )+\frac {\sqrt {d+e\,x}\,\left (8\,b^3\,c^2\,e^3-16\,d\,b^2\,c^3\,e^2-32\,a\,b\,c^3\,e^3+64\,a\,d\,c^4\,e^2\right )\,\left (b^3\,e+e\,\sqrt {-{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^3}+8\,a\,c^2\,d-2\,b^2\,c\,d-4\,a\,b\,c\,e\right )}{2\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^3-8\,a\,b^2\,c^2+b^4\,c\right )}\right )\,\sqrt {-\frac {b^3\,e+e\,\sqrt {-{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^3}+8\,a\,c^2\,d-2\,b^2\,c\,d-4\,a\,b\,c\,e}{2\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^3-8\,a\,b^2\,c^2+b^4\,c\right )}}}{16\,c^2\,d^2\,e^3-16\,b\,c\,d\,e^4+16\,a\,c\,e^5}\right )\,\sqrt {-\frac {b^3\,e+e\,\sqrt {-{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^3}+8\,a\,c^2\,d-2\,b^2\,c\,d-4\,a\,b\,c\,e}{2\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^3-8\,a\,b^2\,c^2+b^4\,c\right )}}-2\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {2\,\left (\sqrt {d+e\,x}\,\left (-8\,b^2\,c\,e^4+16\,b\,c^2\,d\,e^3-16\,c^3\,d^2\,e^2+16\,a\,c^2\,e^4\right )-\frac {\sqrt {d+e\,x}\,\left (8\,b^3\,c^2\,e^3-16\,d\,b^2\,c^3\,e^2-32\,a\,b\,c^3\,e^3+64\,a\,d\,c^4\,e^2\right )\,\left (e\,\sqrt {-{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^3}-b^3\,e-8\,a\,c^2\,d+2\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,a\,b\,c\,e\right )}{2\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^3-8\,a\,b^2\,c^2+b^4\,c\right )}\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {e\,\sqrt {-{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^3}-b^3\,e-8\,a\,c^2\,d+2\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,a\,b\,c\,e}{2\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^3-8\,a\,b^2\,c^2+b^4\,c\right )}}}{16\,c^2\,d^2\,e^3-16\,b\,c\,d\,e^4+16\,a\,c\,e^5}\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {e\,\sqrt {-{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^3}-b^3\,e-8\,a\,c^2\,d+2\,b^2\,c\,d+4\,a\,b\,c\,e}{2\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^3-8\,a\,b^2\,c^2+b^4\,c\right )}} \]
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